1. Jolt Squeeze molding machine
The working principle is to compact the shaken sand mold to obtain a sand mold with compact upper and lower parts. The most commonly used is the microseismic compaction molding machine (microseismic compaction molding machine), which uses the falling of the worktable to collide with the floating vibrating iron, microseismic compaction of the sand, and then compaction. Microseismic is to replace the low frequency (60-120 times/min) and large-amplitude vibration of the compact molding machine with higher frequency (500-1000 times/min) and small amplitude (5-25 mm) vibration. The advantage is that the equipment cost is low, the operation is simple, the compactness of the sand-making mold is basically uniform, and the requirements for the foundation of the plant are also low. The disadvantages are serious noise, high labor intensity of workers, low production efficiency and serious environmental pollution.
2. Hydraulic multi piston molding machine
The working principle is to use hydraulic pressure to exert pressure on the molding sand in the flask through the pressure head or pattern to compact the molding sand. The pressure is generally 0.25 ~ 0.4 MPa. This kind of molding machine makes the compactness of the sand mold away from the pressure surface poor. In the early 1950s, a high-pressure molding machine appeared, and the pressure on the sand plane was above 0.7 MPa. The indenter of the high-pressure molding machine is divided into several structural forms such as flat indenter, forming indenter and multi-contact indenter. Among them, the high-pressure multi-contact molding machine is the most widely used.
The pressure head of the high-pressure multi-contact molding machine is divided into many small squares that can move up and down-contacts, and a large pressing force can be obtained through the hydraulic cylinder. During compaction, each contact exerts corresponding pressure according to the pattern height below it (that is, the thickness of the compressed sand layer), so that the sand mold can obtain high and uniform compactness and hardness. This type of molding machine is equipped with a micro-seismic mechanism, which can adapt to complex shapes. High-voltage multi-contact molding machines mostly adopt a four-column structure, and there are single-station and double-station types. In order to adapt to the production of small and medium batches of castings, this kind of molding machine is often equipped with a template quick change device, when changing the template, the molding machine does not have to stop. The advantage of this molding machine is that the sand-making mold has good compactness. The disadvantage is that the noise is serious, the labor intensity of the workers is high, the production efficiency is low, and the environmental pollution is serious.
3. Horizontal flaskless molding machine
This type of model is currently the most high-end sand molding machine in the world and in China. The working principle is to use compressed air to inject molding sand evenly into the sand box for pre-compaction, and then apply external pressure for compaction. Horizontal parting out of box injection molding machine uses a sand box for molding, and after the sand mold is made, it is combined and out of the box. The advantage is that the dimensional accuracy of the sand-making mold is high, the core setting is more convenient, the double-station core setting can be realized, the productivity is high, and the leakage of the molding sand is less. The disadvantage is that the compactness of the sand mold is slightly insufficient, and the sand-making mold is easily collapsed during the roll-out process when it is turned over. Another is that the cost is relatively high, which is difficult for ordinary customers to accept.
4. Vertical Flaskless molding machine
The working principle is to use compressed air to evenly inject molding sand into the sand box for pre-compacting, and then apply external pressure for compacting. The vertical parting boxless injection molding machine does not need a sand box for molding, and the molding sand is directly injected into the molding room with a template. The advantage of this machine is that the dimensional accuracy of the sand-making mold is high, and because there are cavities on both sides of the sand box, the productivity is very high. The disadvantage is that it is difficult to set the core, and the requirements for the quality of the molding sand are very strict.
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